Automated classification of stellar spectra — II. Two-dimensional classification with neural networks and principal components analysis     

Coryn A. L. Bailer-Jones  Mike Irwin  & Ted von Hippel 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》1998,298(2):361-377

We investigate the application of neural networks to the automation of MK spectral classification. The data set for this project consists of a set of over 5000 optical (3800–5200 Å) spectra obtained from objective prism plates from the Michigan Spectral Survey. These spectra, along with their two-dimensional MK classifications listed in the Michigan Henry Draper Catalogue, were used to develop supervised neural network classifiers. We show that neural networks can give accurate spectral type classifications (σ₆₈= 0.82 subtypes, σ_rms= 1.09 subtypes) across the full range of spectral types present in the data set (B2–M7). We show also that the networks yield correct luminosity classes for over 95 per cent of both dwarfs and giants with a high degree of confidence.   Stellar spectra generally contain a large amount of redundant information. We investigate the application of principal components analysis (PCA) to the optimal compression of spectra. We show that PCA can compress the spectra by a factor of over 30 while retaining essentially all of the useful information in the data set. Furthermore, it is shown that this compression optimally removes noise and can be used to identify unusual spectra.   This paper is a continuation of the work carried out by von Hippel et al. (Paper I).  相似文献   

    

A. R?pke  M. von Weber  A. Bachor 《Ocean Dynamics》1998,50(2-3):281

  相似文献   

Dynamical stability and evolution of the discs of Sc galaxies     

Fuchs  & von Linden 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》1998,294(4):513-522

We examine the local stability of galactic discs against axisymmetric density perturbations with special attention to the different dynamics of the stellar and gaseous components. In particular, the discs of the Milky Way and of NGC 6946 are studied. The Milky Way is shown to be stable, whereas the inner parts of NGC 6946, a typical Sc galaxy from the Kennicutt sample, are dynamically unstable. The ensuing dynamical evolution of the composite disc is studied by numerical simulations. The evolution is so fierce that the stellar disc heats up dynamically on a short time-scale to such a high degree, which seems to contradict the morphological appearance of the galaxy. The star formation rate required to cool the disc dynamically is estimated. Even if the star formation rate in NGC 6946 is at present high enough to meet this requirement, it is argued that the discs of Sc galaxies cannot sustain such a high star formation rate for extended periods.  相似文献   

Semi-automated extraction of digital objective prism spectra     

Coryn A. L. Bailer-Jones  Mike Irwin  & Ted von Hippel 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》1998,298(4):1061-1068

We describe a method for the extraction of spectra from high-dispersion objective prism plates. Our method is a catalogue-driven plate solution approach, making use of the right ascension and declination coordinates for the target objects. In contrast to existing methods of photographic plate reduction, we digitize the entire plate and extract spectra off-line. This approach has the advantages that it can be applied to CCD objective prism images and spectra can be re-extracted (or additional spectra extracted) without having to re-scan the plate. After a brief initial interactive period, the subsequent reduction procedure is completely automatic, resulting in fully reduced, wavelength-justified spectra. We also discuss a method of removing stellar continua using a combination of non-linear filtering algorithms.   The method described is used to extract over 12 000 spectra from a set of 92 objective prism plates. These spectra are used in an associated project to develop automated spectral classifiers based on neural networks.  相似文献   

Unterdrückung anthropogener elektrischer Feldstärkeschwankungen durch ein atmosphärisch-elektrisches Gleichfeld     

C. von Berckheim 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》1979,28(2-3):301-304

  相似文献   

Galactic Dynamo and Spiral Arms - 3D MHD Simulations     

Elstner  D.  Lesch  H.  von Linden  Susane  Otmianowska-Mazur  Katarzyna  Urbanik  M. 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1998,42(3):373-381

In the present project we investigate the evolution of a three-dimensional (3D), large-scale galactic magnetic field under the influence of gas flows in spiral arms and in the presence of dynamo action. Our principal goal is to check how the dynamical evolution of gaseous spiral arms affects the global magnetic field structure and to what extent our models could explain the observed spiral patterns of polarization B-vectors in nearby galaxies. A two-step scheme is used: the N-body simulations of a two-component, self-gravitating disk provide the time-dependent velocity fields which are then used as the input to solve the mean-field dynamo equations. We found that the magnetic field is directly influenced by large-scale non-axisymmetric density wave flows yielding the magnetic field locally well-aligned with gaseous spiral arms in a manner similar to that discussed already by Otmianowska-Mazur et al. 1997. However, an additional field amplification, introduced by a non-zero -term in the dynamo equations, is required to cause a systematic increase of magnetic energy density against the diffusive losses. Our simulated magnetic fields are also used to construct the models of a high-frequency (Faraday rotation-free) polarized radio emission accounting for effects of projection and limited resolution, thus suitable for direct comparisons with observations.  相似文献   

Spurenelemente in der Aare (Schweiz)     

G. Bart  H. R. von Gunten 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1977,39(2):277-298

Instrumental neutron activation analysis was used for the determination of more than 20 trace and minor elements in water and silt samples (suspended load) of the river Aare. The samples were collected at four different locations along the river between its source and the lake of Bienne. The principal results are: 1. The concentrations of all elements investigated are much lower than WHO-limits for drinking water. 2. Human activities are responsible for an increase of some elements along the river. 3. The concentrations of dissolved trace elements are generally anticorrelated with the water flow rate. 4. The concentrations of the trace elements in particulates (in μg/l) are correlated with the flow rate of water. Except for Ca?Sr there are no significant interelement correlations for all four sampling stations.  相似文献   

Die Geowissenschaft und ihre Bedeutung für die Zukunft der Zivilisation     

Prof. Dr. Wolf von Engelhardt 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1974,63(3):793-819

Geoscience forms — besides Physics, Astronomy, Chemistry, and Biology — a specific domain of Science, characterized by its subjects and objects. Geoscience embraces all disciplines which are inquiring into the present configuration of the earth and its spheres, which intend to explain by natural laws the evolution of the earth and the life and which try to predict future developments. Solid bodies of the planetary system are subjects of geoscience insofar geoscientific methods can be applied. Geoscientists have profoundly contributed to the growth of the technological civilisation by discovering and exploiting sources for the supply of energy and raw materials. During the last decades the annual production of most of these materials has grown exponentially. This is shown, exemplarily, for iron, copper and mercury. Considering the exponential growth of the world population, the future life of mankind on earth is at stake because conventional resources, necessary for the maintenance of agriculture and technology, are running short and physical conditions essential for life are, because of geological reasons, finite and deteriorated by human activities. It is only by changing moral, political, economic and technical foundations of culture and civilisation that mankind can avoid extinction which was the ultimate fate of all species in the geological past. In the attempts to overcome the impending difficulties Geoscience has to play an important role of great responsibility: Only Geoscience can provide and develop by further research methods and knowledge which are necessary in order to evaluate the finite potentials available in the earth and the geological processes which both form the framework to which the future life of mankind has to be adjusted.  相似文献   

The erosion history of the Central Alps: evidence from zircon fission track data of the foreland basin sediments     

C. Spiegel  J. Kuhlemann  I. Dunkl  W. Frisch  H. von Eynatten  & K. Balogh 《地学学报》2000,12(4):163-170

Fission track dating on detrital zircons of Alpine debris in the Swiss molasse basin provides information about the erosion history of the Central Alps and the thermal evolution of source terrains. During Oligocene times, only sedimentary cover nappes, and Austroalpine basement units were eroded. Incision into Austroalpine basement units is indicated by increasing importance of Cretaceous cooling ages in granite pebbles upsection. Erosion of Penninic basement units started between 25 and 20 Ma. Early Oligocene zircon FT ages show that Penninic basement units were exposed at ∼20 Ma. Deeper Penninic units of the Lepontine Dome became exposed first at ∼14 Ma, contemporaneously with the opening of the Tauern window in the Eastern Alps. A middle Miocene cooling rate of 40 °C Myr⁻¹ is deduced for the Lower Penninic units of the Lepontine Dome.  相似文献   

Erratum to “Quantification of seep-related methane gas emissions at Tommeliten, North Sea” [Cont. Shelf Res. 31 (7-8) (2011) 867-878]     

J. Schneider von Deimling  G. RehderJ. Greinert  D.F. McGinnisA. Boetius  P. Linke 《Continental Shelf Research》2011,31(18):1943

  相似文献